Critical for Who? Lithium and Society in Zimbabwe: The Case of Bikita Community

SARW conducted a comprehensive study to assess the policy, legislative, and institutional frameworks governing the extraction of lithium in Zimbabwe, focusing on the Bikita community. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study explored stakeholder dynamics, power structures, and the socio-economic impacts of lithium mining on local communities. It revealed significant gaps in resource management, transparency, and benefit-sharing. Although Zimbabwe is a major lithium producer with significant economic potential, local employment in the sector is minimal and women are largely excluded from key roles. The study highlighted socio-cultural issues, such as increased criminality and gender-based violence, and found that many community members feel that the mining companies lack effective corporate social responsibility initiatives and do not foster social enterprises or community facilities.

The study’s findings indicate a lack of community involvement in environmental impact assessments and decision-making processes related to mining activities. Most respondents were unaware of the critical role of lithium in green energy and the destinations of the extracted resources, pointing to a need for greater transparency. Climate change impacts are severe in the community, and there is a strong belief in collective action for climate stewardship. Despite some positive aspects, like the provision of protective clothing and training for workers, the study uncovered issues of corruption and inequity in employment practices. Overall, the study underscores the complex challenges and opportunities in Zimbabwe’s lithium mining sector, emphasising the need for more inclusive and transparent governance.